PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) -- SUBMUNITIONS / BOMBLETS INVENTORY

Last Updated: 2026-03-28 | Next Review Due: 2026-04-28 CRITICAL GAP FILL: This document was created after a Visual ID agent misidentified an MZD-2 (Chinese) as an AO-2.5RT (Russian). Accurate visual discrimination between Chinese and Russian submunitions is an identified operational requirement.

Classification: OPEN SOURCE / UNCLASSIFIED Purpose: EOD identification, visual discrimination, and render-safe reference Maintainer: OSINT Research Cell

DISCLAIMER: This document is compiled exclusively from open-source, publicly available information. It is intended as a reference aid for EOD professionals to identify and assess Chinese-origin submunitions. No classified or export-controlled information is included. Always defer to official technical publications (e.g., ATP 4-32, NAVORD OP 1664, ORDATA) for render-safe procedures. This document does NOT replace official EOD publications.

---

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. MZD-2 Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Submunition
2. MZD-4 Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Submunition
3. Type 81 122mm Rocket Submunitions (Full Family)
4. Type 90 MLRS Submunitions (130mm)
5. PHL-03 / AR-2 300mm Submunitions
6. PHL-16 / AR-3 370mm Submunitions
7. Type 84 Scatterable Anti-Tank Mine Submunition
8. Chinese DPICM Variants (Dual-Purpose)
9. Chinese Anti-Armor Submunitions (PTAB Equivalents)
10. Chinese Sensor-Fuzed Submunitions
11. Chinese Air-Dropped Cluster Bomb Submunitions
12. Export and Proliferation Summary
13. RUSSIAN vs CHINESE SUBMUNITION VISUAL DISAMBIGUATION

---

1. MZD-2 ANTI-PERSONNEL FRAGMENTATION SUBMUNITION

Physical Characteristics

Visual Description (CRITICAL FOR FIELD ID)

Body: Small steel cylinder with a distinctive dimpled/stippled surface texture covering the entire cylindrical body. The dimples are hemispherical depressions arranged in a regular grid or offset pattern, covering most of the body surface. The dimpled pattern serves as pre-formed fragmentation scoring -- each dimple represents a weak point where the casing will fracture on detonation, producing roughly uniform fragments. The body may also show a longitudinal seam from casting.

Color: Olive drab green paint over steel. Weathered specimens may show bare metal (gray steel) or rust. Some production lots are unpainted bare steel.

Top/Nose: Flat or slightly convex end cap containing or covering the fuze mechanism. May show a small central projection or fuze well.

Base: Flat or slightly recessed base plate with attachment point for the ribbon streamer.

Drag Device: Ribbon streamer -- a fabric strip (cotton or synthetic, typically white, khaki, or olive drab) attached at the base. Length approximately 300-500 mm. The ribbon stabilizes the submunition during descent and may induce spin for fuze arming.

Fuze: Impact fuze, spin-armed via ribbon-induced rotation during descent. Fuze mechanism housed in the top end of the body. Small striker/detonator assembly.

Fuze and Arming

Known Dud Rate

• Estimated 10-25% depending on age of production lot, storage conditions, and terrain (soft soil may prevent fuze function on impact).
• Higher dud rates reported in soft terrain (mud, sand, snow) and vegetation.
• Source: UXO survey reports from Myanmar and Laos; defense publication estimates. (C-2)

Export / Proliferation

Combat Use / UXO Encounters

• Myanmar: MZD-2 submunitions documented by Conflict Armament Research (CAR) and Human Rights Watch in Shan, Kachin, and Rakhine states. Multiple UXO survey and clearance operations have encountered MZD-2 bomblets. (Source: CAR field reports, C-1)
• Sudan / South Sudan: Chinese 122mm rocket submunitions documented by UN Panel of Experts reports. (C-2)
• Yemen: Possible presence via third-party transfers; not independently confirmed. (D-4)

VISUAL DISCRIMINATION: MZD-2 vs RUSSIAN AO-2.5RT

THIS IS THE CRITICAL COMPARISON. The Visual ID agent previously misidentified an MZD-2 as an AO-2.5RT. The following differences MUST be checked:

KEY DISCRIMINATOR: The dimpled/stippled body texture is the single most reliable field-distinguishing feature. If the body surface shows regular hemispherical indentations in a grid pattern, it is almost certainly Chinese (MZD-2 or MZD-4). Russian AO-2.5RT and 9N210/9N235 do NOT have this dimple pattern.

EOD Hazard Warnings

• IMPACT FUZE -- ASSUME ARMED ON ALL DUDS
• Spin-arming failure = intermediate state = MOST DANGEROUS -- neither safe nor fully armed
• DO NOT handle, kick, roll, or step on
• Small size easily missed in vegetation, rubble, and debris fields
• 40 per rocket warhead -- if one found, expect up to 39 more in the area
• Ribbon streamer may tangle in trees, wires, fences -- suspended armed submunition overhead hazard
• Dimpled body may be mistaken for decorative object or toy by civilians -- significant humanitarian hazard

---

2. MZD-4 ANTI-PERSONNEL FRAGMENTATION SUBMUNITION

Physical Characteristics

Visual Description

Body: Cylindrical steel body with scored or dimpled pre-fragmentation pattern. The MZD-4 represents an evolution of the MZD-2 design with potentially improved fragmentation uniformity. Body texture may appear as a grid/waffle pattern of scored lines rather than (or in addition to) hemispherical dimples. This is the key visual difference from the MZD-2.

Color: Olive drab or bare steel.

Drag Device: Ribbon streamer at base, similar to MZD-2. May be slightly longer or wider for improved stabilization.

Fuze: Improved impact fuze with spin-arming mechanism. Same general operating principle as MZD-2.

Fuze and Arming

• Same general mechanism as MZD-2: impact fuze, spin-armed via ribbon streamer
• Reported improvements in fuze reliability over MZD-2 (lower intended dud rate)
• Failure modes identical to MZD-2 -- insufficient spin = partially armed = maximum hazard

Known Dud Rate

• Estimated 8-20% -- potentially lower than MZD-2 due to fuze improvements, but still significant.
• (Source: D-3, limited data)

Export / Proliferation

• Same export channels as MZD-2; may be present in any country that received Type 81 122mm rocket systems after ~1990.
• Specific identification of MZD-4 vs MZD-2 in UXO surveys is rare; many reports simply describe "Chinese 122mm rocket submunitions."

Visual Discrimination: MZD-4 vs MZD-2

FIELD NOTE: MZD-2 and MZD-4 may be extremely difficult to distinguish in the field without detailed measurements. Both are Chinese, both use the same parent system, and both present the same EOD hazards. Precise variant identification is less operationally critical than distinguishing Chinese from Russian submunitions.

EOD Hazard Warnings

• ALL MZD-2 WARNINGS APPLY
• Improved fuze reliability does NOT mean improved safety for dud items -- duds are still impact-fuzed and potentially armed
• Treat identically to MZD-2 for EOD purposes

---

3. TYPE 81 122mm ROCKET SUBMUNITIONS (FULL FAMILY)

System Overview

The Type 81 is China's 122mm multiple launch rocket system, closely based on the Soviet BM-21 Grad. It uses a 40-tube launcher and fires a family of 122mm rockets including HE-fragmentation, smoke, illumination, and submunition/cluster variants. The Chinese 122mm rockets are interchangeable with Soviet/Russian BM-21 ammunition in many cases, complicating identification.

Submunition Rocket Variants

3.1 Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Rocket (MZD-2 fill)

3.2 Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Rocket (MZD-4 fill)

• Same rocket body as 3.1
• Updated submunition fill with MZD-4 replacing MZD-2 in later production
• Submunition count similar (~39-42)

3.3 Anti-Armor DPICM Rocket

3.4 Scatterable Mine Rocket

EOD Relevance

• 122mm caliber creates confusion with Russian BM-21 Grad rockets. Chinese Type 81 rockets and Russian 9M22 rockets are the same caliber and may be visually similar. Must check submunition type for origin determination.
• Multiple warhead types from same launcher -- a Type 81 salvo may contain mixed HE, cluster, smoke, and mine-laying rockets.
• Widespread export -- Type 81 systems have been exported to 20+ countries. Any 122mm rocket UXO in INDOPACOM, Middle East, or Africa may be Chinese-origin.

---

4. TYPE 90 MLRS SUBMUNITIONS (130mm)

System Overview

The Type 90 is a 130mm MLRS that predates the Type 81 in some configurations. The 130mm caliber is distinctly Chinese (not compatible with Russian 122mm or 220mm systems), making parent system identification easier. Submunition variants exist but are less well-documented than the 122mm family.

Submunition Types

4.1 Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Submunition

4.2 Anti-Armor Submunition

EOD Relevance

• 130mm caliber is a key identifier for Chinese origin -- no Russian or Western MLRS uses this caliber.
• Submunitions may be physically similar to MZD-2/MZD-4 family.
• Less commonly exported than Type 81 122mm; primarily PLA inventory.
• Limited data -- treat with maximum caution; apply MZD-2 EOD procedures as baseline.

---

5. PHL-03 / AR-2 300mm SUBMUNITIONS

System Overview

The PHL-03 is China's primary heavy MLRS, analogous to Russia's BM-30 Smerch and the US M270 MLRS. The 300mm rocket carries a significantly larger warhead than the 122mm family, allowing many more submunitions per rocket. Cluster warhead variants carry both anti-armor and anti-personnel submunitions.

5.1 Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Submunition

Visual Description

Body: Cylindrical steel body, larger than MZD-2 but using same general Chinese submunition design philosophy. May feature dimpled or scored pre-fragmentation pattern on casing. Olive drab or bare steel finish.

Drag Device: Ribbon streamer or small drag chute. Some variants may use pop-out fins for spin stabilization rather than ribbon.

5.2 Anti-Armor EFP/HEAT Submunition

Visual Description

Body: Cylindrical steel body with a distinctive concave nose -- the copper or tantalum shaped charge liner is visible on intact duds as a gold/copper-colored concave disc recessed into the nose. The body may be smooth or lightly scored. Olive drab finish.

Drag Device: Ribbon streamer, drag chute, or pop-out fin assembly for nose-down stabilization (critical for shaped charge function).

5.3 Combined Anti-Personnel/Anti-Armor (DPICM) Fill

• Some 300mm rocket warheads carry a mixed load of anti-personnel and anti-armor submunitions.
• A single rocket impact zone may contain BOTH fragmentation bomblets and shaped charge bomblets.
• EOD must search for both types when PHL-03 cluster rocket UXO is identified.

Export / Proliferation

• AR-2 (export designation): Marketed widely at defense exhibitions (IDEX, Zhuhai Airshow).
• Specific export customers not fully confirmed in open sources, but PHL-03/AR-2 type systems have been linked to sales discussions with multiple Middle Eastern and African nations.
• (Source Rating: C-3)

Discrimination from Russian BM-30 Smerch Submunitions

EOD Hazard Warnings

• 280 kg warhead = massive submunition load -- expect 40-150 individual items per rocket
• Mixed fills possible -- both shaped charge and fragmentation in same dispersal area
• 12 rockets per launcher -- a full salvo = 480-1800 submunitions on target
• Anti-armor EFP/HEAT: DO NOT approach from shaped charge axis (above or below)
• DUD RATE: 5-20% estimated
• Same-caliber as Russian Smerch -- MUST distinguish by submunition markings and body features

---

6. PHL-16 / AR-3 370mm SUBMUNITIONS

System Overview

The PHL-16/AR-3 is China's newest modular MLRS. The 370mm rocket is the largest Chinese MLRS rocket and carries the heaviest submunition payload. Limited open-source data exists on specific 370mm submunition types, but cluster warhead variants are confirmed in marketing materials.

Submunition Types (370mm)

6.1 Anti-Armor Sensor-Fuzed Submunition

6.2 DPICM Fill

• 370mm warhead can carry large quantities of dual-purpose submunitions
• Likely uses same or similar DPICM bomblets as 300mm rockets (scaled up in quantity)

EOD Relevance

• Largest Chinese MLRS submunition dispersal area -- 370mm rockets at 220+ km range cover very large target areas
• Sensor-fuzed variant -- if present, contains active electronics, IR/MMW sensor, and directional EFP. DO NOT approach from below. Sensor may still be active on duds.
• Parachute on ground near submunition body = key indicator of sensor-fuzed type
• Very limited technical data -- apply maximum caution; treat as equivalent hazard to Russian SPBE-D

---

7. TYPE 84 SCATTERABLE ANTI-TANK MINE SUBMUNITION

Physical Characteristics

Visual Description

Body: Low-profile circular disc, dark green or olive plastic casing. Resembles a large hockey puck. The top surface is generally flat with a slightly raised central pressure plate. The bottom may be concave or flat. Minimal external features.

Color: Dark olive green or forest green plastic.

Surface: Smooth plastic; may show mold lines and injection molding artifacts.

Markings: Chinese characters stamped or molded into casing. May include lot number, date of manufacture, and type designation.

State When Found as UXO

• Surface-laid in patterns after rocket delivery or vehicle dispensing
• May be partially covered by soil/vegetation after weathering
• Low metal content -- extremely difficult to detect with conventional mine detectors
• Arming delay -- recently delivered mines may still be in arming sequence; time-delay mechanisms mean the mine may arm AFTER first inspection
• If delivered by rocket: found in dispersal patterns consistent with rocket impact (linear or elliptical)

Discrimination from Russian Scatterable Mines

EOD Hazard Warnings

• LOW METAL CONTENT -- difficult to detect with metal detectors
• TIME-DELAY ARMING -- mine may not be armed immediately after delivery; do not assume safe based on recent delivery
• SELF-DESTRUCT MECHANISM (if present) may fail -- treat all as live regardless of expected self-destruct time
• Anti-disturbance fuzing -- some variants may incorporate tilt or anti-lift switches. DO NOT attempt to lift or move.
• Delivered as submunitions from rockets: expect minefield-density patterns rather than individual mines
• 5-8 mines per 122mm rocket -- a 40-rocket Type 81 salvo = 200-320 mines in target area

---

8. CHINESE DPICM VARIANTS (DUAL-PURPOSE)

Physical Characteristics

Visual Description

Body: Small barrel-shaped or cylindrical steel body. The nose end features a concave copper liner (shaped charge) visible as a gold/copper-colored disc recessed into the top. The body walls may show scored fragmentation pattern (grid lines or diamond scoring) or embedded steel ball bearings visible as small round bumps on the surface.

Color: Olive drab paint or bare steel.

Drag Device: Small ribbon streamer or spring-loaded pop-out vanes/fins at the base. The drag device orients the shaped charge nose downward and may impart spin for fuze arming.

Fuze: Impact fuze (piezoelectric or inertia type) at the nose, directly behind the shaped charge liner. Some variants may have base-detonating fuzes.

Discrimination from US M42/M46 DPICM

Discrimination from Russian 3O13 / 9N210

KEY DISCRIMINATOR: Chinese DPICM combines a copper-lined shaped charge nose with a dimpled/scored fragmentation body. This combination of visible copper liner + dimpled/scored body surface is characteristic of Chinese manufacture.

EOD Hazard Warnings

• DUAL HAZARD: Both shaped charge and fragmentation effects
• Shaped charge axis = nose -- DO NOT be directly above dud item
• Impact fuze (piezoelectric) -- extremely sensitive to shock on nose
• Copper liner intact = armed shaped charge
• Small size + high volume -- hundreds per rocket; massive area contamination
• DUD RATE: 10-25% typical for DPICM munitions

---

9. CHINESE ANTI-ARMOR SUBMUNITIONS (PTAB EQUIVALENTS)

9.1 Air-Dropped Anti-Armor Bomblet

Chinese air forces employ cluster bombs containing anti-armor submunitions. These are delivered from tactical aircraft (J-10, J-16, JH-7) via indigenous cluster bomb dispensers.

Visual Description

Body: Cylindrical steel body with conical or hemispherical nose. Copper shaped charge liner visible in nose of dud as a gold/copper-colored concave disc. Body is smooth or lightly scored steel. May have small pop-out stabilizer fins at the base.

Color: Olive drab or bare steel.

Discrimination from Russian PTAB-2.5M

FIELD NOTE: Chinese PTAB-equivalent bomblets and Russian PTAB-2.5M may be very difficult to distinguish visually. Markings (Chinese vs Cyrillic) and delivery context (Chinese vs Russian aircraft) are the most reliable discriminators.

EOD Hazard Warnings

• Shaped charge: DO NOT approach from above or below longitudinal axis
• Piezoelectric impact fuze: EXTREMELY sensitive to shock on nose
• Copper liner intact = armed shaped charge
• Dozens to hundreds per cluster bomb
• Apply all PTAB-series EOD warnings

---

10. CHINESE SENSOR-FUZED SUBMUNITIONS

Physical Characteristics (Estimated)

Visual Description

Body: Cylindrical or disc-shaped metal body, significantly larger and heavier than fragmentation submunitions. One end features a sensor window (IR-transparent dome or flat panel) that may appear as a dark glass or plastic lens. The opposite end contains the EFP warhead.

Color: Olive drab or military green with possible sensor window in dark/black.

Parachute: Deployed parachute or parachute fabric found near the submunition body on the ground. Parachute is the KEY visual indicator of sensor-fuzed type.

Discrimination from Russian SPBE-D

EOD Hazard Warnings

• EXTREME HAZARD: Contains active electronics, sensor, and directional EFP warhead
• EFP fires DOWNWARD -- DO NOT be below suspended or elevated submunition
• Sensor may still be active on dud items -- may fire if it detects a heat/radar signature (vehicle, body heat) passing below
• Battery-powered electronics -- battery may still have charge on dud items
• Parachute may suspend submunition in trees/structures -- armed sensor-fuzed weapon overhead
• 500m exclusion zone for sensor-fuzed submunition duds until RSP (render-safe procedure) determined
• Limit metal/thermal signature when approaching -- minimize body heat exposure and do not drive vehicles near dud

---

11. CHINESE AIR-DROPPED CLUSTER BOMB SUBMUNITIONS

System Overview

China produces air-dropped cluster bomb dispensers in 250 kg and 500 kg classes. These split open at altitude to release submunitions across a wide area. Submunition fills include:

• Anti-personnel fragmentation bomblets (MZD-2 type or similar dimpled/scored fragmentation bodies)
• Anti-armor HEAT/EFP bomblets (copper-lined shaped charge submunitions)
• DPICM (dual-purpose) -- combined anti-armor and fragmentation
• Incendiary bomblets -- thermite or similar incendiary fill for area denial

11.1 Type 250-3 Cluster Bomb (estimated designation)

11.2 Type 500-3 Cluster Bomb (estimated designation)

Visual Description of Dispenser Casing (When Found)

Dispenser Body: Cylindrical steel or aluminum body, similar to a conventional bomb but designed to split along longitudinal seam. When functioned, found as two half-shells on the ground. When unfunctioned (dud dispenser), found as an intact cylindrical bomb body containing dozens to hundreds of armed submunitions inside.

Color: Olive drab or gray.

Markings: Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese / Hanzi). Lot numbers, arsenal codes, submunition fill type may be stenciled on body.

Discrimination from Russian RBK-500

KEY DISCRIMINATOR FOR INTACT DISPENSERS: Check stenciled markings. Chinese characters (Simplified) = PRC. Cyrillic = Russian. If dispenser has functioned (empty halves), examine submunitions on ground for origin identification.

EOD Hazard Warnings

• INTACT DISPENSER = EXTREME HAZARD -- contains dozens to hundreds of armed submunitions
• ANY disturbance may trigger dispenser release mechanism
• If dispenser has FUNCTIONED: search area (~300 x 150 m) for dud submunitions before approaching casing
• DUD RATE: 10-30% for individual submunitions
• Mixed submunition fills possible -- both shaped charge and fragmentation in same dispenser

---

12. EXPORT AND PROLIFERATION SUMMARY

Countries with Confirmed or Probable Chinese Submunition-Capable Systems

Key Proliferation Concerns

1. NORINCO exports are widespread and often poorly documented -- Chinese 122mm rockets are compatible with BM-21 launchers used by 50+ countries worldwide.
2. Re-export and diversion -- Chinese submunition-capable rockets may be re-exported by initial recipients to conflict zones.
3. Indigenous production -- Pakistan, Iran, and Thailand have established production lines for Chinese-pattern rocket artillery, potentially including submunition warheads.
4. UXO in INDOPACOM -- Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos have active UXO clearance programs encountering Chinese submunitions from both legacy conflicts and ongoing use (Myanmar).

---

13. RUSSIAN vs CHINESE SUBMUNITION VISUAL DISAMBIGUATION

CRITICAL REFERENCE SECTION. This section exists because the Visual ID agent misidentified an MZD-2 (Chinese) as an AO-2.5RT (Russian). Every similar-looking pair is compared below.

13.1 MZD-2 (Chinese) vs AO-2.5RT (Russian) -- HIGHEST PRIORITY

This is the pair that caused the original misidentification.

DECISION RULE:

1. CHECK BODY TEXTURE FIRST. Dimpled/stippled = Chinese (MZD-2). Smooth/ring-scored = Russian.
2. CHECK WEIGHT (if safe to assess from visual size). MZD-2 is dramatically lighter/smaller.
3. CHECK MARKINGS. Chinese characters vs Cyrillic.
4. CHECK CONTEXT. What delivery systems are in theater? Chinese Type 81 or Russian BM-21/Smerch?

13.2 MZD-2 (Chinese) vs 9N210 (Russian)

DECISION RULE:

1. SIZE. MZD-2 is markedly smaller -- about half the length and one-third the weight of 9N210.
2. BODY TEXTURE. Dimpled = Chinese. Grid/spiral scoring without dimples = Russian.
3. Proportions. MZD-2 is squatter (nearly 1:2 diameter-to-length). 9N210 is more elongated (~1:3.7).

13.3 MZD-2 (Chinese) vs 9N235 (Russian)

Same discrimination rules as MZD-2 vs 9N210. Size difference is obvious; body texture is the confirming feature.

13.4 Chinese DPICM vs Russian 3O13

DECISION RULE: Check body surface for dimple pattern (Chinese) vs smooth (Russian). Then check markings.

13.5 Chinese Anti-Armor Bomblet vs Russian PTAB-2.5M

DECISION RULE: These are the HARDEST pair to distinguish visually. Check: (1) markings, (2) fin configuration, (3) casting quality, (4) delivery context.

13.6 Chinese Sensor-Fuzed vs Russian SPBE-D

DECISION RULE: Markings and delivery context are primary discriminators. Both have parachutes and sensor domes.

13.7 Chinese Cluster Bomb Dispenser vs Russian RBK-500

DECISION RULE: Read markings on dispenser body. If functioned (empty halves), identify submunitions on ground.

---

MASTER VISUAL DISCRIMINATION QUICK-REFERENCE

When encountering an unidentified small cylindrical submunition with a ribbon streamer:

STEP 1: CHECK BODY SURFACE TEXTURE
├── DIMPLED / STIPPLED (hemispherical indentations) → CHINESE (MZD-2 or MZD-4)
├── SMOOTH or RING-SCORED (no dimples) → Probably RUSSIAN
│   ├── ~56 mm dia, ~205 mm long, ~1.85 kg → 9N210
│   ├── ~55 mm dia, ~1.75 kg → 9N235
│   └── Larger, ~50 mm dia → AO-2.5RT
└── CROSS-HATCHED / WAFFLE PATTERN → CHINESE (MZD-4 variant)

STEP 2: CHECK SIZE/WEIGHT
├── Small & light (~42 mm dia, ~0.5 kg) → CHINESE MZD-2/MZD-4
├── Medium (~55 mm dia, ~1.8 kg) → RUSSIAN 9N210/9N235
└── Large → Other type; check shaped charge features

STEP 3: CHECK MARKINGS
├── Chinese characters (Simplified) → PRC
├── Cyrillic → Russian
├── Arabic numerals only → Check other features
└── No markings → Rely on Steps 1-2

STEP 4: CHECK CONTEXT
├── 122mm rocket debris nearby → Could be Chinese Type 81 OR Russian BM-21
├── 220mm rocket debris → Russian BM-27 Uragan
├── 300mm rocket debris → Chinese PHL-03 OR Russian BM-30 Smerch
└── Check known force dispositions in theater

---

SOURCE SUMMARY

Overall Document Confidence: C-2 to C-3 for most entries. MZD-2 and Type 84 have the strongest open-source basis (C-2). Sensor-fuzed and 370mm submunition data is the weakest (D-3).

---

MAINTENANCE NOTE: This document should be updated as new open-source information becomes available, particularly from UXO clearance organizations operating in Myanmar, Sudan, and other conflict zones where Chinese submunitions are being encountered. Priority update: obtain specific dimensions and photographs of MZD-2 duds for visual reference library.